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The Carolina wren (''Thryothorus ludovicianus'') is a common species of wren that is a resident in the eastern half of the United States of America, the extreme south of Ontario, Canada, and the extreme northeast of Mexico. Severe winters restrict the northern limits of their range while favorable weather conditions lead to a northward extension of their breeding range. Their preferred habitat is in dense cover in forests, farm edges and suburban areas. This wren is the state bird of South Carolina. There are seven recognized subspecies across the range of these wrens and they differ slightly in song and appearance. The birds are generally inconspicuous, avoiding the open for extended periods of time. When out in the open, they investigate their surroundings and are rarely stationary. After finding a mate, pairs maintain a territory and stay together for several years. Both sexes give out alarm calls, but only males sing to advertize territory. Carolina wrens raise multiple broods during the summer breeding season, but can fall victim to brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds, among other species. Some populations have been affected by mercury contamination. ==Taxonomy== The Carolina wren was first described under the name of ''Sylvia ludoviciana'' by John Latham in 1790.〔 Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot considered all wrens under the genus ''Troglodytes'' and called the Carolina wren ''Troglodytes arundinaceus'' but placed it subsequently in a separate genus ''Thryothorus'' (initially misspelled ''Thriothorus'' 〔) that he created in 1816. ''Thryothorus'' is of Greek origin from the combination of ''thryon'' (rush, reed) and ''thouros'' (derivative of verb ''throskein'' to leap up, spring, jump at) which means 'reed jumper'; its specific name ''ludovicianus'' is a post-classical Latin term for ''Ludovicus'' (derivative from Louis XIV) that means 'of Louisiana' that identifies the locality of the specimen collected near New Orleans. There are seven recognized subspecies of the Carolina wren:〔(【引用サイトリンク】or albinucha ))">url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=CB5469E1211E7EFF )〕 ''T. l. ludovicianus'' (Latham, 1790) – Southeast Canada (Southern Ontario, irregularly in Eastern and Southern Quebec) and the eastern United States (Southern Wisconsin and New England southward to Texas and northern Florida). ''T. l. miamensis'' Florida wren (Ridgway, 1875) – Florida from approximately 30 degrees (Gainesville) region southward through the rest of the state. ''T. l. nesophilus'' (Stevenson, 1973) – Dog Island in Northwestern Florida. ''T. l. burleighi'' – Burleigh's Carolina wren (Lowery, 1940) Offshore islands off of the Mississippi coast: Cat Island, Ship Island (Mississippi), and Horn Island. ''T. l. lomitensis'' – Lomita wren (Sennett, 1890) southern Texas to the extreme northeast of Mexico (Tamaulipas). ''T. l. berlandieri'' – Berlandier's wren (S. F. Baird, 1858) Northeastern Mexico (eastern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and southwestern Tamaulipas) ''T. l. tropicalis'' – Northeastern Mexico (eastern San Luis Potosi and southern Tamaulipas). ''T. ludovicianus'' is traditionally placed within its own genus as its only representative of North America, but recent DNA work suggests it is closely allied with the Bewick's wren.〔 A distinct population in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua, and in Guatemala is treated as a separate species, either known as Cabot's wren or white-browed wren (''Thryothorus albinucha'').〔〔 It is considered a subspecies of ''T. ludovicianus'' by some authors, however.〔 }} |2= |2= |2=''Cyphorhinus arada'' }} |2= }} |2=''Thryothorus sinaloa'' }} }} }} }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carolina wren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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